” 衍生品平滑了回报和损失,从而防止系统性清算事件和金融危机。”
衍生品基本情况介绍:
金融系统是由金融市场组成,而金融市场都是关于风险的——每一个交易对双方都有一定程度的风险。专业市场交易员、银行和投资公司等参与者希望抵消或“对冲”这些风险,以防止在发生不可预见的事件时发生金融灾难,例如高价格波动。衍生品是一种金融工具,允许市场参与者通过限制潜在损失,更轻松、更精细地管理风险显着牺牲潜在回报。简而言之,衍生品平滑了回报和损失,从而防止系统性清算事件和金融危机。
在传统金融世界,衍生品的交易量均比现货市场的交易量要高。以外汇市场为例,衍生品成交额为现货的 3 倍。2019 年,加密货币的全年现货交易量达到 13.8 万亿美元,而全年的衍生品交易量只有 3 万亿美元,加密货币衍生品交易量仍不足现货市场的 25%。全球衍生品市场大约是信贷市场的 10 倍和 20 倍大于全球GDP。货币/债务/衍生品之间的典型市场规模比率是 1/10/100,这意味着,在典型的金融市场中,衍生品的总市场与该特定资产的现货市场相比,大约大 100 倍。
因此我们认为加密货币衍生品方向是一个十分有潜力的发展方向。
金融衍生品介绍:
金融衍生品是一种特殊类别买卖的金融工具统称。这一类衍生产品的价值依赖于其标的金融资产价值的变动。比如资产(商品、股票或债券)、利率、汇率或者各种指数(股票指数、消费者物价指数以及天气指数)等。这些要素的表现将会决定一个衍生品的回报率和回报时间,产品形式表现为主体双方(买方和卖方)之间签订的合约,并在规定时间内按照合约要求执行。
1. 债务担保证券 (CDO)
债务担保证券(CDO)是造成 2008 年金融危机的原因之一,因此它也是一种臭名远扬的金融衍生品类型;
2. 信用违约互换 (CDS)
CDS 允许投资者将其资产或债务换成另一个价值类似的资产或债务;
3. 远期合约(Forward)
一种场外交易金融衍生工具,使用它可以在未来某一特定日期以事先约定的价值买入或卖出资产;
4. 差价合约(CFD)
差价合约使交易者能够根据某项资产的价格波动,通过杠杆作用买卖一定数量的资产单位;
5. 期货(Future)
在未来某个日期以预定的价格买进或卖出一项资产;
6. 期权(Option)
在未来某个日期或之前以预先确定的价格买入或卖出资产;如以太坊天然气价格的看涨/看跌期权,YFI 上的看涨/看跌期权
7. 体育博彩的二元期权
8. 未发布的 DeFi 治理代币的售前市场以及未发布的网络代币的售前市场
9. 永续合约(Perpetual Future Contract)
永续合约是一种特殊的期货合约,与传统期货不同的是,这种合约没有到期日的概念;
10. 掉期合约(Swap)
掉期合约是一种为交易双方签订的在未来某一时期相互交换某种资产的合约。更为准确地说,掉期合约是当事人之间签订的在未来某一期间内相互交换他们认为具有相等经济价值的现金流的合约。掉期合约一般主要用于银行之间的外汇交易以及公司在进出口商品之间的对冲或者套利。
11. 股权通证
在 Airbnb 首次公开募股前,FTX 上线了 Airbnb IPO 预售合约(Pre-IPO Airbnb Contracts)这一衍生品合约
代币模型初级设计:
市面上大部分衍生工具皆为期货,期权类别,少有掉期合约和债券类别。因此,我们可以以掉期合约和债券为突破点生成自有代币。

掉期合约(Swap)
DeFi 货币市场的利率波动大,且利率互换是最受欢迎的类型是全球衍生品的重要组成部分,是固定收益产品的重要组成部分。他们也有望在去中心化金融中发挥关键作用。「掉期利率」是市场提供的一种固定利率,用来交换尚未到期的可变利率(浮动利率)。
- 提交订单:以想要的利率提交订单,或下市价订单以立即与交易对手签订贷款协议。
- 赚取利息:赚取保证本金的固定利息,或根据 Compound 和 Aave 等协议的市场利率赚取杠杆利息。
- 释放您的资金:一旦协议期限完成,释放资金。固定方贷款人获得其保证收益,而浮动方获得剩余利息。
差价合约(CFD)
在金融学中,差价合约(CFD)是买方和卖方之间的一项合约,根据合约由卖方付给买方资产现行价值和平仓价值之间的差价(反之,如果差价为负,由买方付给卖方)。事实上,差价合约是一种金融衍生工具,它允许交易者利用标的资产的价格上涨或价格下跌获利。它们通常用于推测市场。差价合约是一种利用自身潜在利润和损失的杠杆工具。
交易者与差价合约提供商就基础资产(例如 比特币)达成协议。这些衍生产品依赖于基础资产的价格变动,但不涉及实际数字加密货币的交换或所有权。这意味着交易者无需交换任何真实的加密货币,也不必担心钱包或地址,同时减少了黑客攻击的风险。即便最好、最可靠的加密货币交易所也无法完全避免黑客攻击。这样,差价合约交易者可以专注于利用市场变动获利。在差价合约平台上交易时,当您选择做多操作,且加密货币的卖出价高于建仓时的买入价,您将盈利;如果做空,则在加密货币的买入价低于建仓卖出价时盈利。反之亦然:如果卖出价低于建仓买入价,做多亏损;当买入价高于建仓卖出价时,做空亏损。
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