关键见解
◉ Boba Network是一个Layer-2乐观的滚动扩展解决方案，最初用于以太坊。此后，它在Moonbeam、Avalanche、BNB和Fantom上推出。
◉ Boba自2021年第四季度推出以来，其网络活动一直处于下降趋势，但它有一个新的重点，即区块链游戏、NFT和元组。
◉ “混合计算 “是一个关键功能，允许开发人员利用现有的Web2工具来实现更强大的计算和数据使用。
◉ Boba将自己定位为跨各种L1的区块链游戏的解决方案。
Boba网络的入门知识
Boba Network（前身为OMG）是一个L2多链扩展解决方案，于2021年10月在以太坊上推出。在2022年第三季度，Boba已经在Moonbeam、Avalanche、BNB和Fantom上推出。作为一个基于Optimism代码库的乐观卷积（OR），Boba提供。
◉ 减少了气体费用
◉ 增加交易吞吐量
◉ L1安全保证
◉ 智能合约的EVM兼容性，如NFTs
这个网络还具有独特的功能，使其有别于其他OR和Optimism分叉。
◉ 混合计算–连接到链外API的能力
◉ 关注多链
◉ 快速退出桥接到L1
◉ DAO治理
Boba的功能组合–特别是混合计算–使去中心化的应用程序（dapp）以L1 dapps的一小部分成本运行，通过Web2 APIs利用链外计算，并提供区块链游戏所需的多链解决方案。
第三季度的叙事
Boba已经将其重点从通用扩展转移到成为区块链游戏的多链解决方案。通过安身于这个利基市场，该网络旨在重新获得用户、开发者和协议的采用。混合计算是这些计划的中心。
Boba本季度在四个不同的链上推出了主网L2实现。
◉ 8月22日，Bobabeam（Moonbeam）。
◉ 8月30日，Boba Avalanche
◉ 9月19日，Boba BNB
◉ 9月29日的Bobaopera（Fantom）。
这些举措使Boba成为以太坊生态系统之外的第一个上市的L2。通过这些整合和合作，Boba已经将自己定位为领先的多链扩展解决方案。
混合计算是Boba新伙伴关系背后的驱动力。区块链游戏有很高的要求，如繁重的计算，快速的交易，以及对API的访问。混合计算通过访问Web2基础设施解决了所有这些问题。Boba最近与EvoVerse建立了合作关系，EvoVerse是Avalanche上的一个3D、玩到赚的战略游戏。
性能分析
除非另有说明，本报告中的定量数据主要集中在Boba网络的以太坊实施上。一旦有了更多的数据，其他链上的实施将包括在分析中。
网络概述
Boba的大部分活动是在2021年第四季度推出网络时进行的。从那时起，所有的网络使用指标都下降了。从积极的方面来看，流通市值在2022年第三季度确实有所增加。虽然完全稀释的市值下降，但流通供应量上升96%，代币价格相对稳定，导致流通市值增加44.9%。代币价格对高通胀的相对抵抗力可能是由于业务发展方面的新公告，如其与Avalanche的整合。
与其他指标一样，第三季度的日活跃地址比历史上的高点小一个数量级。在第三季度，日活跃地址的增长在100左右趋于平缓，网络上的地址总数停留在近10万个。
关于波巴的其他实施方案。
◉ Boba Avalanche平均每天有24个活跃用户。
◉ Bobabeam平均每天有11个活跃用户。
◉ Boba BNB和Bobaopera还没有足够的数据。
由于1月份活动频繁，日均交易费保持在高位，这导致收入和网络价值增加。交易费随着活动的减少而降低，并一直保持在极低水平。另一方面，使用量的增加表明收入也可以迅速增加。5月份的飙升是对LUNA崩溃的反应，这引发了包括波巴在内的整个市场的抛售。
第三季度，波巴的每日交易量在1,000-1,500的范围内找到了支持。平均交易费也在0.25美元左右趋于平稳。在将数据发布到主网之前，滚动式的交易是分批进行的。将交易分批进行意味着L1费用被共享。因此，随着更多的交易包括在任何单一批次中，整体费用通常会下降。
开发者概述
OolongSwap是Boba上的第一个原生DEX，在整个2022年提供了Boba50%以上的TVL，从而保持了DeFi的主导地位。这种主导地位可能会受到挑战，因为其他连锁店的既定DeFi协议部署在波巴上–例如，SushiSwap在第三季度末在波巴上推出。
Boba上部署的独特合同数量开始增长，与第二季度的14份合同相比，季度增长超过400%。这些新合约至少有一部分是由于DEXs和其他新的DeFi协议。
生态系统价值
在2021年11月发布主网和向OMG代币持有者空投BOBA代币之后，Boba的TVL激增。这种激增被证明是不可持续的，因为TVL跌到了历史最低点，随后几周价值离开了生态系统。自第一次飙升以来，TVL一直在稳步下降，2022年的看跌市场对该项目没有任何好处。
放大第三季度的数据，可以看到TVL持续下降的趋势。第三季度，按美元计算，TVL下降了62%，与前几个季度相比，下降率略低。OolongSwap的TVL下降了类似的数额（66%），但它设法保持其~50%的TVL主导地位。一些成熟的DEX如Synapse的TVL主导地位有所下降，这是因为大型协议的增长，如SushiSwap从L1s转移过来。
Boba的TVL成功主要是通过本地协议。随着Futuructa等原生区块链游戏的继续发展，网络活动可能会增加。GameFi很可能是Boba上TVL的下一个驱动力。该网络计划扩大到更多吸引游戏开发者的L1。这个方向与混合计算的核心功能相一致，它提供了对区块链游戏所需的API和其他工具的链上访问。
BOBA代币、赌注和去中心化概述
OMG到Boba
Boba网络是作为OMG网络的重塑而创建的，当时Enya实验室的创始人Alan Chiu与OMG基金会（现在的Boba基金会）合作。Boba与OMG社区合并，因为BOBA代币在2021年11月19日以1:1空投给OMG代币持有者。
这次空投占BOBA代币总供应量的28%。除了气体和赌注，BOBA也是Boba DAO的投票基础，增加了空投的意义。Boba DAO提案涵盖了新功能和其他路线图项目。
作为一个以太坊第二层网络，Boba交易费用可以用以太币支付。直到2022年4月，在一个DAO提案通过后，用户才可以选择用BOBA支付交易费用，这导致了25%的气体折扣。混合计算调用的费用是用BOBA支付的。
如今，波巴网络的发展仍然由波巴基金会维护，Enya实验室是核心贡献者。Enya实验室负责为博巴带来一些功能，如 “快速退出 “到L1和跨链桥接。
定投
盯盘者获得xBOBA代币以换取他们的BOBA，允许他们参与DAO投票和治理。Boba DAO还控制L1和L2的资金池，用于 “快速退出 “转移到L1。
赌注奖励目前设定为3%，由国库支付。未来当网络费用稳定后，奖励将来自网络交易费用。届时，奖励率和费用分摊将由DAO提案设定。
Boba的工程路线图详细说明了其实施veTokenomics的计划–投票托管tokenomics。这一实施将创建veBOBA代币，并为BOBA持有人推动财务和治理激励。财务激励和投票权的增加将以灵活性为代价，因为veTokens必须被锁定很长一段时间。
Sequencers
Boba网络目前是完全集中化的。向以太坊主网下单和分批交易的唯一Sequencer节点是由Boba网络运行的。这种集中化不仅赋予了Boba完全的控制权，而且还创造了一个集中的故障点。如果唯一的验证者发生故障，网络资金可能被冻结。这将继续成为用户的风险，直到逃生舱口的路线图项目实现。
Boba的欺诈证明仍在开发中，一旦完成，网络将有能力去中心化。在此期间，用户仍然可以在本地运行验证器软件和计算状态根–只是不能作为一个真正的序列器节点在链上。
定性分析
混合计算
区块链是封闭的系统，不能与计算机和其生态系统之外的功能进行沟通。Boba认识到，拥有封闭系统会给想要卸载困难计算或参考Web2服务的开发者带来问题。
混合计算让开发者可以。
◉ 创建先进的算法，这些算法通常太昂贵，无法在链上运行。
◉ 获得毫秒级的响应时间。
◉ 生成随机数和其他资源，这些资源在分散的计算环境中生成是有风险的。
◉ 获得低成本的存储、图像和音频处理。
通过混合计算，开发人员可以利用传统的Web2系统和解决方案来构建更高质量的区块链游戏。像Futuructa这样的本地游戏和来自新集成的游戏，如Avalanche的EvoVerse，将很快受益于这些独特的工具。
快速退出
除了经典的OR退出外，Boba还提供基于交换的快速退出。使用流动性池，由于集中设置，Boba可以为用户提供L2和L1之间接近即时的转移。用户可以在任何一方增加流动性：L1快速桥池或L2快速桥池。由于Boba对序列有控制权，它可以安全地将代币转移给另一端的用户，而不必等待主网的最终结果。
欺诈证明
Boba的欺诈证明还没有发挥作用，这并不是一个问题，因为项目的中心化。也就是说，如果Boba希望将网络去中心化，他们必须克服这个问题。目前，如果以某种方式提交了无效的状态根，无功能的欺诈证明会带来巨大的安全风险。目前，社区可以用欺诈证明来验证一个状态根，但最终要由Boba来对任何错误采取行动。
DAO治理
BOBA和xBOBA用于对Boba DAO中的提案进行投票。veTokenomics是最近公布的一个DAO提案；该提案尚未有投票日期。
工程路线图
除了混合计算的进步、veTokenomics和多链扩展之外，Boba在明年还有以下计划。
◉ 平行交易：平行执行交易可以获得更高的TPS。
◉ 账户抽象：从一个主账户中抽象出子账户，允许主账户做一些事情，如为其衍生的合同账户支付费用。
◉ 通往L1的逃生舱口：逃生舱口为用户从L2移除资金提供了更大的安全保障，而不需要依赖序列器。
竞争性分析
乐观主义和Arbitrum是Boba的两个主要竞争对手，作为一个通用的OR（乐观的卷积）。事实上，Boba甚至是基于Optimism的源代码。Optimism和Arbitrum在采用方面比Boba有巨大的领先优势，因为它们分别拥有9.67亿美元和10.5亿美元的TVL，而Boba只有430万美元。Boba上的每日活跃地址、部署的协议和独特的合同数量同样落后于竞争对手。
随着许多ZKRs（零知识滚动）接近主网，如zkSync和Scroll，Boba的 “快速退出 “将不再具有优势。ORs通常需要七天的提款时间，但ZKRs只需要几分钟的时间，将与Boba的速度相当。
关于L2，波巴在其游戏细分市场上没有面临成熟的竞争对手。Boba已经通过其最近的整合称其为第一个多链L2，根据路线图，它还有更多的整合正在进行中。未来与新L1的整合将提高流动性，并为波巴带来新的用户和建设者。
混合计算提供对Web2 APIs和服务的访问。与Chainlink这样的去中心化甲骨文网络不同的是，混合计算更像是一个中心化的管道，通过它，Boba可以与链下的计算机进行实时通信。此外，Boba是一个完整的网络，可以为区块链游戏提供他们需要的所有基础设施，包括神谕数据。
总结
在通用的扩展解决方案方面，Boba网络坚定地落后于一些更成熟的竞争者，但它没有采取通用的方法。强调多链扩展和加强混合计算，正在将波巴定位为区块链游戏开发者的一个有吸引力的家，这一点在其新的伙伴关系中可以看出。
尽管Boba在其提供的产品中奉行专业化的战略，但该协议仍在继续努力，以获得大量的受众。Boba刚刚在四个新链上推出，并计划推出更多。Boba的新L2（Moonbeam、Avalanche、BNB和Fantom）共享原始以太坊L2的特点和功能。虽然这些L2的实现是全新的，但它们可能会成为未来活动的巨大推动力。
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