关键洞察力
◉ TRON网络活动在5月推出USDD后,达到了一个新的基础用户群。
◉ 自5月以来,股权和参与股权的总金额急剧增加。
◉ TVL增长61%,是由三个独特的钱包存入约16亿美元的各种资产所驱动。
◉ TRON DAO Reserve宣布加密货币原生市场制造商Wintermute成为其第九个白名单成员,使其有权力维持USDT的挂钩。
◉ 第三季度发布的GreatVoyage-V4.5.2升级版旨在改善节点同步和交易吞吐量。
◉ 如果目前的活动持续下去,并且USDT在整个生态系统中扩张,TRON催化通货紧缩的资源模型可能会通过使用USDT来加强。
关于TRON的初步介绍
TRON是一个公开的开源区块链网络,使用委托收购(DPoS)机制和实用拜占庭容错(PBFT)共识算法。TRON使用DPoS来引入选举机制,以确定谁来维护网络。每六个小时进行一次选举,产生27个超级代表,轮流生产区块。
TRON虚拟机(TVM)为网络上的应用程序提供动力,并使用 “能源和带宽 “而不是气体,就像其以太坊虚拟机(EVM)的对应物。TVM与EVM兼容,有效地为开发者提供了更实惠的智能合约执行。
作为TRON季度报道的第一版,本报告将强调关键概念和网络的最新季度发展和性能。
业绩分析
网络和财务概况
以每日活跃账户衡量的用户活动与上季度持平(0.3%),而新激活的账户减少了21.7%。这两个百分比的变化表明,现有账户的基础水平继续使用网络,而新加入的用户在本季度有所减缓。
基础用户群变得更加活跃,从日均交易总量和每秒交易量(TPS)的增长中可以看出。
收入和平均交易费在第三季度继续下降。这些指标是相互关联的,因为交易费产生收入。然而,收入的下降幅度不如交易费。基于这种关系,每日交易的增加支撑了收入。
赌注收益率下降是因为总赌注增加了,这是一个健康的网络参与的标志。这些变化与总回报率无关,后者相对稳定。
市值(即网络价值)也随着交易费和收入下降,尽管下降幅度较小。
每个指标之间的关系揭示了更多关于网络基本面的信息。特别是,每个指标都以某种方式与TRON的资源模型相关。资源模式的目的是降低交易费用,通过交易费用调节网络需求。此外,在应用交易费用时,收入会产生和燃烧,从而将TRX从网络的循环供应中移除。通过增加稀缺性,为所有代币持有者创造价值,而不仅仅是复合验证人和委托人的余额。
最终,当用户在其能力范围内使用网络时,资源模型允许自由交易。另一方面,当用户要求的交易能力超过所获得的资源时,他们会产生交易费用。总的来说,这使得交易量平均较低,但当特定用户的需求较高时,协议就会处于产生收入的位置。随着需求的增加,供应被烧毁,从而给网络价值带来上升的压力。
资源模式采用了所谓的带宽点和能量。每24小时向所有激活的账户免费发放1,500个带宽点。它们也可以通过押注TRX获得。带宽允许用户在TRON网络上进行交易而无需支付交易费用。如果用户没有足够的带宽,将收取0.001TRX的交易费并烧毁。
新激活的账户与资源模型相结合,对TRX和网络价值的累积至关重要。新激活的账户不一定存在于链上。他们在被发现之前需要被激活。为了激活,账户必须:
◉ 从现有账户发送任何数量的TRX或TRC-10代币到新账户。
◉ 调用Java-tron的API,从一个现有的账户创建一个交易,签署它,并将其广播到TRON网络。
◉ 支付1TRX的账户创建费。
转移代币需要带宽点数。如果新激活的账户没有达到足够的带宽点数,就会产生和烧毁交易费用。
将TRX或TRC-10代币转移到一个不活跃的账户也可以完成账户激活。这个途径不需要1个TRX账户的创建费或带宽。相反,需要一种叫做能量的资源。与带宽一样,能量可以通过押注TRX获得,但能量不是免费分配给每个账户的。能量代表在执行智能合约时消耗多少CPU资源。同样,当用户消耗的能量超过拥有的能量时,就会发生交易费用并被烧毁。
考虑到这一点,TRON的实用性,无论是从使用DeFi、稳定币,还是网络提供的任何其他用途,都将决定新账户的激活率。反过来,其效用将推动网络的价值。
每日活跃账户指标由新账户和现有账户活动组成。每日活跃账户和新激活账户在第二季度末发生了逆转。
平均而言,总账户活动似乎已经稳定在每天260万左右。第三季度的日均260万并不是基于第二季度的上升趋势或使用量的爆发。第三季度的每日活动相对更稳定。第二季度的活动是一个高增长的时期,主要由5月份的爆发支持,在TRON的去中心化、超额抵押的稳定币USDD推出后。
此外,在第三季度之前的12个月里,平均每天的活跃账户数为200万。因此,第三季度的平均数代表了比长期平均数增加了30%。长期的增长率,加上第三季度的横向使用,可能表明每日活跃用户的基础是可持续的。
在TRON网络上,每一次互动都算作一次交易。代币转移是按其相应的代币标准细分的交易,如TRX、TRC-10、TRC-20和TRC-271。当用户对他们的TRX代币进行押注或解押,或调用或部署一个智能合约时,也会发生交易。通过押注代币,用户可以对超级代表候选人(即验证人)进行投票,这也算作一项交易。
由于激活一个账户需要至少一次转账,所以一部分转账活动来自于账户激活。在第三季度,平均每天约有390万笔交易是TRX和TRC-10转账。这一数额约占网络总交易量的73%。鉴于平均每天有14万个激活的账户,大约3%的代币转让来自于账户激活。现有的用户产生了其他97%。
总体而言,总交易量比第三季度增长了12.4%,达到530万。大部分的增长可以归因于TRX转账的62%增长。在过去的两个季度里,TRX转账一直主导着交易活动。
智能合约的触发率下降了~14%,表明应用用户的减少。TRON的许多DeFi协议的交易活动下降了,与触发的智能合约减少相吻合。然而,美元Tether(USDT)的使用仍然是TRON上智能合约执行的主要用途和驱动力。虽然USDT的活动在季度上有所下降,但这可能是因为第二季度USDT推出时,转账量有所上升。尽管如此,TRON承载着最大的USDT流通供应。从这个角度来看,智能合约的触发占总交易量的26%。USDT合约调用消耗了约75%的能源消耗,以及约90%的所有合约调用。因此,USDT智能合约的使用在能源短缺的情况下推动了大部分的能源消耗和收入。
总之,主要来自USDT的TRX和TRC-10转账和智能合约交易占了网络上交易活动的~99%。使用每一种交易都需要带宽和能量。在过去的几个季度里,用户消耗的这些资源比他们积累的要多。虽然资源仍在被获取,这激励了赌注的参与并保持低费用,但这些交易的需求超过了资源。其结果是持续产生收入和通货紧缩的TRX。
用户和交易活动的基础将推动可靠的收入和价值累积到网络。即便如此,也很难确定收入和网络价值之间关系的确切性质。网络价值是否主要由更多的用户和交易或更高的交易费用驱动?还是由通货紧缩机制驱动?理想情况下,更多的用户和交易,尽管交易费用较低,将推动收入上升,代表基本的价值累积。这种情况将比由更高的交易费或投机价值驱动的收入所产生的价值更具可持续性。
为此,TRON的收入和网络价值继续相关,因为波动性和每日收入趋势通常伴随着网络价值的变动。
然而,虽然收入在本季度下降了21%,部分原因是平均交易费用的下降(-33%),但网络价值只下降了6%。作为参考,流通市值在第二季度末是季度总收入的123倍,而第三季度末是146倍。将估值除以收入,可以看出每单位收入的原生代币价值多少。在相对的基础上,与上一季度相比,TRX现在每单位收入的价格更高。
考虑到这一点,价值的部分支持可能来自于USDT。第二季度USDD的推出为TRON生态系统引入了另一种通缩机制。它可能会吸引更多的基础用户和交易活动,消耗更多的带宽和能量。该产品的推出也可能是一种增长催化剂,随着TRX在TRON生态系统内外的扩张,其本身也会对TRX的循环供应产生下行压力。
生态系统和发展概述

分散式金融(DeFi)
大多数第一层区块链及其各自的生态系统在2022年上半年都经历了下跌。对于大多数人来说,由于负面的市场情绪和迫在眉睫的监管问题,总价值锁定(TVL)在第三季度进一步下降。然而,TRON设法使自己免受不利市场条件的影响,其TVL按季度增长了61%。
TRON的生态系统和各自的TVL集中在三个DeFi协议中,占了90%以上的市场份额。任何具有如此集中度的生态系统都会在本质上将其价值暴露在被利用的风险中。
JustLend是在TVL方面最主要的协议(64%),是TRON的旗舰货币市场协议。它允许用户提供流动性以换取收益,也允许用户存入合格的抵押品并以其为抵押进行借款。JustLend是隔离增长(172%)的驱动力,因为它在第三季度末积累了25亿美元的TVL。
在第三季度的前半段,TRON的TVL膨胀了,这是资产被存入JustLend的结果。进一步看,链上数据显示,三个独特的钱包存入了大约16亿美元的各种资产,如比特币、USDC和USDT。这一活动表明,三只鲸鱼是第三季度TVL增长的主要贡献者。
三个独特的钱包,包括约16亿美元的存款。
◉ 钱包1 – 20,000 BTC和21,000 BTC
◉ 钱包2 – 9000万美元C和1.4亿USDT
◉ 钱包3–7600万USDC和4.45亿USDC
TRON的其他DeFi协议,如SunSwap和JustStables在本季度下降,与更广泛的市场一致。
USDD稳定币
TRON在第二季度推出了其过度抵押的混合模式稳定币USDD。USDD与美元1:1挂钩,用户可以使用8月推出的Peg Stability Module在其他稳定币之间以1:1的比例进行互换,不会出现任何滑点。USDD由TRON DAO储备中持有的约380亿美元的各种法币支持的稳定币支持。
USDD与其他稳定币的区别在于它超过了常见的120%的抵押品比率。此外,用户可以燃烧他们的USDT,在USDT短期贬值的情况下,铸造价值1美元的TRX。
抵押和去中心化概述
像TRON这样的PoS和PoS衍生网络的安全性要求用户锁定(桩)网络的原生代币并参与验证工作。一个由验证者、积极参与者和赌注组成的分布式网络可以帮助确保网络按照预期的方式运作。
如前所述,资源模型是基于向订户分配带宽和能源。然后,制定者可以使用这些资源进行交易,并免费执行智能合约,只要他们获得了足够的资源。如果用户利用的计算能力超过其资源,他们必须支付交易费用。自5月以来,赌注和从事赌注的总金额(总赌注除以总供应量)急剧增加。有趣的是,带宽的赌注金额增加,而能源的赌注保持稳定。
尽管如此,这种增长可能表明对带宽的需求。此外,较高的订金也代表冻结的资产,有助于网络价值的稳定。投入的股权越多,越稳定,TRX和网络的价值就越稳定。
除了获得带宽或能源外,入股TRX的用户还将同时获得投票权。
TRON采用了一个委托收购(DPoS)机制来帮助达成共识和验证区块。区块验证是由一个被称为超级代表(SRs)的当选验证人小组完成的。所有TRX持有人都可以申请成为SR候选人。任何TRX持有者都可以为SR候选人投票,其中得票最多的前27名候选人将成为下一个纪元的SR,而第28至127名将成为SR合作伙伴。
SR负责生产区块和打包交易,但只有SR合伙人可以获得投票奖励,而无需执行上述两项任务。所有SR候选人、SR合伙人和SR都有权提出修改TRON网络参数的建议。
在第三季度末,有超过350个SR候选人在每个纪元中为27个SR投票。以下是针对一组当选为区块生产的SR候选人的投票实例。

选举机制的工作原理是,1个TRX等于1张投票。对候选人的投票是一个单一的交易,任何staker都可以通过生成一个投票交易来投票。
在每个Epoch(每六小时发生一次)期间,27个SR按照记账顺序轮流生成区块。通过这种方法,投票选出的单档线来产生区块,就形成了区块链。
TRON利用激励模式来鼓励节点参与和网络扩张,以确保运行。完成区块生产任务的SR会得到TRX的奖励。该模型还规定,SRs每生产一个确认的区块,就可以获得16个TRX。随着每个区块的生产,TRON网络还将奖励160个TRX给SR和SR合作伙伴,他们将按照从社区获得的投票比例分享160个TRX。任何账户都可以申请成为超级代表候选人,只要支付9999TRX(截至9/30的610美元)就可以加入SR选举。
越来越多的SR候选人将继续挑战投票人群,以缩小27名SR的范围。
定性分析
生态系统增长的催化剂和战略
除了激励新用户和活动的生态系统和网络的关键概念和基本要素外,TRON战略的其他方面一直在后台运行。虽然不是相互排斥,但网络升级、伙伴关系和部署一直是推动TRON网络采用的战略要素。
网络升级
GreatVoyage-V4.5.2 (Aurelius) – 这个非强制性的版本实现了三个TRON改进建议(TIP)的升级。
◉ TIP-425缩短了TCP连接的建立时间,旨在加快节点同步并降低块丢失率。
◉ TIP-428通过减少交易排序机制,提高了每秒交易量并降低了区块丢失率。
◉ TIP-440引入了布鲁姆过滤器,一种空间效率高的概率数据结构,通过减少内存使用来优化交易缓存。
合作关系和部署情况
Wintermute
8月,TRON宣布Wintermute成为TRON DAO Reserve(TDR)的第九家白名单机构,该机构负责管理USDT的过度抵押。Wintermute是该领域最大的加密货币交易公司之一,是一个经验丰富的做市商。其他TDR机构是Alameda Research、Amber、Ankr、FalconX、Poloniex、Mirana、Multichain和TPS Capital。这些成员负责积极监测USDT的稳定性,并有权铸造和燃烧USDT。
JustLend
TRON DAO Reserve和JustLend之间的战略伙伴关系在第三季度初形成。JustLend将向协议用户分发以USDT计价的供应采矿奖励。此外,收件人可以使用USDT在Sun.io协议上挖掘额外的奖励。
信用币
除了BNB智能链和Bittorrent链之外,该伙伴关系将引入TRON网关,促进以太坊和TRON之间的代币桥接。这将提高用户的跨链可及性和实用性。
战略和挑战
TRON DAO的举措
TRON DAO专注于通过让更多参与者加入网络来发展其生态系统。TRON DAO赠款计划旨在每季度向符合赠款标准的合格社区成员、开发者和有影响力的人分配3万至9万美元。这些计划旨在吸引成员和开发者建立和贡献于TRON的生态系统。
此外,TRON DAO在2022年推出了一系列TRON Grand Hackathons。在其第一次迭代中,有118名参与者,四个轨道(如GameFi、DeFi、NFT和Web3)的总赏金为500,000美元。第二次黑客马拉松聚集了超过1800名参与者,赏金翻倍至100万美元。
从TRON DAO Reserve和其他加密货币机构中选出的成员,来判断哪些应用将有助于加速TRON生态系统。
挑战
尽管是顶级的L1协议之一,但与一些同行相比,该生态系统缺乏多样性,因为它主要集中在几个协议上。虽然TVL在本季度暴涨,但这主要是由于一些鲸鱼钱包。
TVL高度集中在三个协议和几个钱包,这可能是对TRON目前DeFi景观的可持续性的担忧。三个钱包在第三季度存入了约16亿美元,大约占其总TVL的四分之一。如果这些钱包中的任何一个决定撤回其资金,对TVL的巨大影响可能会对TRON的生态系统和用户群产生负面影响。
前进之路
在第三季度,TRON宣布支持与MasterBlox和WeFund合作,专注于提高Web3的应用和发展其生态系统。通过联合加速和孵化计划,该合作旨在成为一个启动平台,并为社区和开发人员提供工具,以建立网络。
TRON目前没有一个官方的路线图;然而,它的一些文件表明,该生态系统最初的10年路线图有三个关键的整合项目。阿波罗、星际迷航和永恒。TRON继续建立在当前的大航海网络实施之上,随着时间的推移,将努力实现这三个实施。
总结
在第三季度,日活跃账户按季度持平,而新激活账户减少。然而,现有账户活动的稳定是在5月推出USDD后出现的。自5月以来,随着日均交易总量和每秒交易量(TPS)的增加,现有用户群变得更加活跃。此外,赌注总额急剧增加,参与赌注总额也是如此。
如果目前的活动水平持续下去,并且USDT在整个生态系统中扩展,TRON的资源模型,即以更大的需求催化通缩,可能会因为USDT的需求和使用而得到加强。此外,USDD本身也为TRON的生态系统引入了另一个通货紧缩机制。总的来说,这种组合可能会对资源枯竭的收入产生向上的压力。在燃烧TRX来铸造USDT的情况下,它也可能给TRX的流通供应带来下行压力。
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