NFTs是2021年加密货币市场的焦点。尽管它们是独特的,可以有全行业的使用案例,但它们有局限性。为了解决NFTs的局限性,开发了半同质化代币。在这篇文章中,我们将探讨半同质化代币及其与NFTs相比的优点。

半同质化代币与同质化代币与非同质化代币的对比

同质化代币(FTs)具有相同的特点,并不是独一无二的,例如,比特币和以太币等加密货币就是可变通的代币。每个比特币都可以与另一个比特币互换,它们之间没有区别(不包括 “污点币”–以前被盗或被用于非法活动的币)。像美元这样的法定货币也是可替换的。换句话说,可替代性是指一种代币(或货币)能够与同类型的其他代币进行交换或替换,导致价值不变。

非同质化代币(NFTs)利用智能合约来代表资产的所有权,这些资产是独一无二的,彼此之间是不同的。可用于代表独特和稀缺事物的数字所有权,如艺术品、收藏品、游戏内时间、原声带或虚拟房地产。由于每个项目都有一个基于固有特征的独特价值,如谁创造了它或它有多稀有,这意味着NFTs不能像Eth或美元那样相互交换。例如,一张数字棒球卡不能与一块虚拟土地进行1:1的交换。这两者是完全不同的资产。NFTs在不同的区块链上创建,例如,Stacks区块链上的NFTs是使用SIP-009标准创建的。

由于NFTs存储在区块链上,这意味着每个代币都有以下特点。
◉ 不可分割。不可能购买零碎的NFTs
◉ 不可毁坏的。不能被摧毁或移除
◉ 不可变的。一旦基础信息被存储,就不可能改变它。
可验证。由于NFT存储在公共区块链上,任何人都可以在任何时候轻松验证其真实性和所有权。

半同质化代币(SFTs)是FTs和NFTs的组合。它们开始是FT,后来变为NFT。当需要批量转移FTs和NFTs时,它们可能很有用,最初,SFT的行为与普通的可替代代币一样,它们可以与其他相同的SFT进行类似的交易。例如,一个代表有效的10美元亚马逊优惠券的代币将与具有相同到期日的相同优惠券具有相同的价值,因此是可以互换的。使这些特殊类型的代币 “半可替代 “的区别因素是,一旦它们被赎回,可替代代币就会失去其面值。这种可交换价值的丧失使过期的代币变得不可伪造。

另一种理解方式是想象拥有一张代表披头士乐队最后一次演出的音乐会门票的代币。这张票有票面价值,可以兑换另一张相同的音乐会门票,只要是同一乐队在同一日期和同一座位区。一旦音乐会结束,代表门票的代币就会成为可收藏的纪念品,并具有全新的价值。这也意味着该代币不能再被兑换成有效的、具有相同初始面值的音乐会门票,以观看不同的乐队。

这种在赎回时从可换取的代币转变为不可换取的代币的过程就是半可换取代币的名称的由来。以太坊区块链上的SFTs是使用ERC-1155标准创建的。

SFTs的前2个好处

1. 降低成本

SFTs可以降低交易成本并节省时间,因为它们可以实现:

◉ 批量转移,即在一个智能合约中同时转移FT和NFT。(图1)
◉ 多次转移,即在一个智能合约中转移到一个以上的地址(图1)。
ERC-1155的创始公司Enjin声称,成本可以减少90%。

图1:SFT的批处理和多转让功能。

SFT 的批量和多傳輸功能。

2. 原子交换

原子交换意味着分两步交换任意数量的代币(图 2)。

图 2. SFT 的两步交换

SFT 的兩步交換

如何创建半同质化代币?

今天,可以使用以太坊的ERC-1155标准来铸造SFT。这是几个以太坊代币标准中的一个–用于在以太坊区块链上创建代币的蓝图,与所有其他基于ERC的项目兼容。

ERC-1155标准是由区块链游戏开发商Enjin、Horizon Games和The Sandbox在2017年开发的,本质上是ERC-20(可替换代币)和ERC-721(非可替换代币)标准的结合。这使得使用单一的智能合约创建和管理可替代代币和不可替代代币成为可能–这是一个计算机程序,当某些条件出现时可以自我执行。

SFT在游戏行业中特别有用,因为在游戏行业中存在可替代的元素,如金条或V-Bucks等游戏内货币,以及收藏品和武器等不可替代的物品。这意味着游戏公司可以创建两种类型的代币,并确保它们可以相互操作,以便玩家可以轻松地用武器换取金条等物品,反之亦然。

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